Recent Advances on Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Rice

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a daily staple food crop for more than half of the global population and improving productivity an important task to meet future demands expanding world population. The application nitrogen (N) fertilization improved rice growth in world, but excess use causes environmental economic issues. One main goals breeding reducing N while maintaining productivity. Therefore, enhancing efficiency (NUE) essential development sustainable agriculture has become urgently needed. Many studies have been conducted on steps including uptake transport, reduction assimilation, translocation remobilization, transcription factors regulating metabolism. Understanding these complex processes provides base novel strategies improve NUE under varying conditions.